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麦兜~酷学酷玩

 

我们中间没有几个人真正是尽我们所能地生活着的.我们留恋平地,因为我们怕攀山越岭.宽容自己的损失何其的大.

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状语从句

19.1 地点状语从句
  地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。


  Where I live there are plenty of trees.
  我住的地方树很多。

  Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
  不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

19.2 方式状语从句
  方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。


1
as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…""就像",多用于正式文体,例如:
 Always do to the others as you would be done by.
 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。


 As water is to fish, so air is to man.
 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。


 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
 正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。


2
as if, as though
  两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的""好像……似的",例如:


 They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)


 He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)


 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)


 说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:

 He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。


 He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。


 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

19.3 原因状语从句
比较:because, since, as
for

1
) because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as since

  I didn't go, because I was afraid.
 
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2
) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for

  He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
  He must be ill, for he is absent today.

19.4 目的状语从句
  表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导,例如:

   You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
  
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
   Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

19.5 结果状语从句
 结果状语从句常由so… that such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so such与其后的词的搭配规律。


比较: so such
 其规律由sosuch的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。


 so foolish       such a fool       
 so nice a flower    such a nice flower    
 so many / few flowers  such nice flowers    
 so much / little money. such rapid progress   
 so many people     such a lot of people   
so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)

  so…that such…that之间的转换既为 sosuch之间的转换。
  The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
  He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

19.6 条件状语从句
  连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。
.
  if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。


  unless = if not. 
 
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
 
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
 
A. unless
  B. until  C. if  
D. or
 答案A 句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. BD句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

19.7 让步状语从句
though, although
 注意: 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though yet可连用

 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 
 虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 
 虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。
 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
 伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)


典型例题
1
___she is young, she knows quite a lot. 
A. When
 B. However  C. Although  D. Unless
答案:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。


2)
 as, though 引导的倒装句
  as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。
  Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
 
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意: a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

    b. 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
   Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
 
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
 虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。


3)
 ever if, even though. 即使
  We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

4) whether…or-
  不管……

   Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

5)
 "no matter +疑问词" "疑问词+后缀
ever"
  
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
  
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
  替换:
no matter what = whatever
    
no matter who = whoever
    
no matter when = whenever
    
no matter where = wherever
    
no matter which = whichever
    
no matter how = however
  注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

 (错)No matter what you say is of no use now.
 (对)
Whatever you say is of no use now.
    你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句
)
 (错)
Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
 (对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

19.8 比较while, when, as
1
as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

    Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2
)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as while

    When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3
)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when while

    As the day went on, the weather got worse. 
   日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。

19.9 比较untiltill
  此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

 
  肯定句:

  I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
  Wait till I call you.  等着我叫你。
  (在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.
 
  否定句:

  She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
  她直到6点才到。

  Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
  公共汽车停稳后再下车。

  I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.  直到你教我后,我才会做。

1)Until
可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
   Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
  直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。 

2)Until when
疑问句中,until要放在句首。

  ---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
  --- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 

注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1
Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。
  Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
  直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。

  Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
  直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2)
 It is not until… that…

19.10 表示"…"的结构
 hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"…"的意思,例:


 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
 
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
 
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

 注意:如果hardly, scarcely no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:

 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

 

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 21:03  回复(5) |  引用(1) 加入博采

虚拟语气

虚拟语气

一、非真实条件虚拟句

l         顾名思义,用来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景,这些情景通常是不可能发生的,与客观实际相反的,只表示说话者的一种主观愿望、假想和建议等。

l         它可以表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行虚拟

 

主句和If从句中的谓语动词形式列表如下:

表示虚拟的时间

If从句的谓语形式

主句谓语形式

现在

did or were

would (should, might, could)+do

过去

had done or had been

would (should, might, could) + have done (been)

将来

were to (should) + do

would (should, might, could) + do

 

(一)与现在事实相反

A naval officer fell overboard. He was rescued by a deck hand. The officer asked how he could reward him. “The best way, sir,” said the deck hand, “is to say nothing about it. If the other fellows knew I’d pulled you out, they would chuck me in.”

 

(二)与过去事实相反

Many persons in the world would have scored achievement if the had not wasted the valuable time. 假如没有浪费掉宝贵的时光,世界上有许多人会取得成就。

 

(三)与将来事实相反

Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. 我时常会想,如果我们能以明天就要告别这个世界的态度来度过每一天的话,那一定是极好的,因为这种心态会让每一个人珍视生命的意义。

经典验证:

If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A. was not planned             B. has not been planned

C. had not been planned         D. were not planned

答案:C

 

(四)虚拟条件句的倒装

Should I win the lottery, I would buy a car. = If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car.

Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. = If he were to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

经典验证:

_____ to the doctor right away, he might be alive today.

A. If he went          B. Had he gone      

C. Were he gone       D. Should he have gone

答案:B

 

二、名词从句虚拟句

表示愿望、建议、命令、请求、意志等语气的标志词,名词从句谓语形式均为:should + 动词原形,should可以省去。(注意只能用should,不能用would

 

(一)在下列词的宾语从句中,从句谓语须用should + do的形式

ask(要求,请求),advise, beg, command, demand, decide, deserve, desire, determine, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等。

The Chinese Government and people have demand that the US Government shoulder all the responsibilities for the incident, apologize to the Chinese side and take effective measures to prevent the recurrence of such incidents. 中国政府和人民要求美国政府对此事件必须承担全部责任,向中国道歉并有效措施防止类似事件再次发生。(南海撞机事件,2001

 

(二)It is + 形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that…的主语从句

接这种结构的形容词有:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, necessary, natural, normal, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual等。

It is necessary to the happiness of man that he (should) be faithful to himself. 忠实于自己,对于人的幸福是必不可少的。

 

(三)其它虚拟句型

wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:

 

主句

从句

从句动作先于主句动词动作

be的过去式为 were

现在时

过去时

从句动作与主句动作同时发生

had + 过去分词)

过去时

过去完成时

将来不大可能实现的愿望

将来时

would/could +动词原形

 

I wish I could stand on a busy street corner, hat in hand, and beg people to throw me all their wasted hours.  我希望自己站在熙熙攘攘的街角,手里拿着帽子,乞求人们把浪费的时光扔给我。(对现在的希望)

I wish I had kept faithful to my childhood dreams. Things would be different now. 我希望当初信守儿时的梦想。现在情况将有所不同。(对过去的希望)

 

非真实条件句的强有力表达(节选《假如给我三天光明》 by Helen Keller):

If I were the president of a university I should establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes“. The professor would try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them. He would try to awake their dormant and sluggish faculties.

  Perhaps I can best illustrate by imagining what I should most like to see if I were given the use of my eyes, say, for just three days. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see. If with the on-coming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, how would you spend those three precious intervening days? What would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?

I, naturally, should want most to see the things which have become dear to me through my years of darkness. You, too, would want to let your eyes rest on the things that have become dear to you so that you could take the memory of them with you into the night that loomed before you.

If, by some miracle, I were granted three seeing days, to be followed by a relapse into darkness, I should divide the period into three parts.

 

  如果我是一所大学的校长,我就要开设一门必修课如何应用你的眼睛。这门课的教授应该试图给他的学生显示怎样能以看见那些在他们面前一现而过的东西来增添他们生活的乐趣,这位教授应该试图唤醒他们沉睡和懒散的天赋。

或许,如果让我来应用我的眼睛,比方说,仅仅用3天吧,我能以我想象的最喜欢看见的东西来很好地说清楚这个问题。而且,当我想象的时候,设想你也在思考这个问题。如果你也只有3天多点的时间看东西,你该如何应用你自己的眼睛。如果面对即将到来的第三个夜晚的黑暗,你又知道,太阳对你来说,永不再升起了,那么你该怎样度过这插进来的宝贵的3天呢?你最想要注视的东西是什么呢?

当然,我会最想看到我多年的黑暗中对我变得珍贵的事情,你也会想让你们的目光停留在那些对你已经变得珍贵的事情上。这样,你就能随着你进入那逼近在你面前的长夜而永远记住它们。

如果由某种奇迹,我获得了能看见东西的3天,随后又沉陷于一片黑暗之中,我该将这段时间分为3个部分。

 

 

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 21:02  回复(4) |  引用(1) 加入博采

定语从句

定语从句

18. 定语从句
  定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
  关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
  关系副词有: when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1
who, whom, that
  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
  
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
  He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
  
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose
用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 

3which, that
  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
  The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1
when, where, why
  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2
that代替关系副词
  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
  方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
  判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
  (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
  习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
  方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
  A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
  A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
  在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D
  而句2, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A
  关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose) 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)

18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
   This is the house which we bought last month.   

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
   The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2)
当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
   Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.

查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
   My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 

我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
   This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.

这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)
非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
   He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
   Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.

液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

18.5 介词+关系词
1
)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2
that前不能有介词。
3
某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when where 互换。
  This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
  This is the house where I lived two years ago.
  Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
  Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
  由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,aswhich可代整个主句,相当于and thisand thatAs一般放在句首,which在句中。
  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
  The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.  
典型例题 
1
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it
  B. that  C. which  D. he
  答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.it he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2
The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what
 B. which C. that D. it
  答案Bwhich可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3
It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that
 B. which  C. as  D. it
 答案B.
  as which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
 (1 as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which不可。
 (2 as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.
  在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B
As
的用法
1. the same… assuch…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, ……一样……
   I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'
  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
  As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
 As是关系代词。例1中的asknow的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
   (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
  (what 可以用all that代替)

18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1
what = the thing whichwhatever = anything
   What you want has been sent here.
   Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that
  whoever= anyone who
   (错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
   (错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
   (对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
   (对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that
what 
  当that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。
  I think (that) you will like the stamps.
  What we need is more practice.

18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1
)不用that的情况
  a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
    () The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
  b) 介词后不能用。
     We depend on the land from which we get our food.
     We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2)
只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
  a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which
  b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which
  c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。 
  d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.
  e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
举例:
  All that is needed is a supply of oil.
  所需的只是供油问题。
  Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 
  那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 21:00  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

情态动词 English version

Need 的情态动词与实意动词

 

1. When modal forms are used, they usually refer to immediate necessity; they are often used to ask for or give permission –usually permission not to do something. Ordinary verb forms are more common when we talk about habitual, “general” necessity.

 

We needn’t book a table. –the restaurant won’t be full this evening.

Need I do this washing-up? –I’m in a hurry.

Do you need to get a visa if you go to Mexico?

 

2. Present-tense forms of need can be used to talk about the future, but will need to is often used to give advice.

 

Need I come in early tomorrow?

You’ll need to start work soon if you want to pass your exams.

 

3. Affirmative modal forms are possible after negative verbs, and in sentences which express doubt or negative ideas. Both modal forms and ordinary forms can be used this way.

 

I wonder if we need take sleeping-bags.    I wonder if we need to take sleeping-bags.

I don’t think he need go right now.          I don’t think he needs to go right now.

 

4. Note the difference between needn’t and mustn’t.

  Needn’t is used to say that there is no obligation.

  Mustn’t expresses an obligation not to do something.

 

You needn’t tell Jennifer.  –She already knows.

You mustn’t tell Jennifer.  I don’t want her to know.

 

5. If you say that somebody needn’t have done something, it means that he did it, but it was unnecessary: he wasted his time.

 

She needn’t have hurried. (It wasn’t necessary to hurry, but she did.)

She didn’t need to hurry. (It wasn’t necessary to hurry. We don’t know whether she did.)

I didn’t need to go to the station.

(It was unnecessary to go. –I don’t say whether I went or not, but I probably didn’t.)

 

6. need + ving with a passive meaning

 

7 There’s no need to do sth.

 

 

 

 

 

Must

1 Obligation

Must can only be used to refer to present and future obligation. To talk about the past, had to is used. In negative sentences, don’t need to, needn’t or don’t have to is used to say that there is no obligation;  mustn’t is used to tell people not to do things.

 

2 deduction

Must is only used in this way in affirmative sentence. In questions and negatives, we use can and can’t instead. Must have done is used for deductions about the past. Can/can’t have done in questions and negatives.

 

-We went to Spain.

- That must have been nice and shiny.

 

I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.

 

 

 

 

Dare

 

I daren’t ask her.

She daren’t tell the secret.

 

I dare you to do sth. (children’s language)

You dare! Don’t you dare!

- Mummy, can I draw a picture on the wall?

- You dare!

 

I dare say = probably.

I dare say it’ll rain soon.

 

How dare you! 愤怒的感叹词

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:59  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

高二 语法 非谓语习题

不定式做宾语 50.1

不定式做定语 40.1  41.11  59.38,39

不定式做状语 40.8  45.24

inf. Without to 47.15  44.16 50.10

VING做状语 42.28,29

过去分词做定语 40.6 45.28  50.12

过去分词做状语 48.27,28,29  49.40

现在分词做定语 41.12

现在分词做表语 41.17

wh- + to do 40.2 46.2

used to do 40.4  42.27   46.38,39  48.24

have sth done  40.5 50.5

needs/require/ +doing  45.32  58.25

to是介词: 41.20

prep+动名词 42.21 42.30

anything but…. 42.25  47.9

can’t help doing 42.22 43.3

can’t help doing 40.3

v+doing  42.31  47.19

 

to do// doing  49.31,32  50.13  58.23

-ed//-ding    41.17  44.12  48.17  52.29

 

过去的用法 to have done sth. 46.36  50.2  52.37  53.7  57.16

 

 

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:59  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀 8

1 sting stin stig 死叮 刺激
sting 刺激,叮 忽然往前
stingy 吝啬,每次只花一点钱
stink  刺激气味,臭味
distinguish 往四面八方突出的东西,显而易见的
distinguished 卓越的
extinguish  熄灭的

stin
distinct 不同的明显的
distinction 区别的
instinct 天性本能,看到小强,好像体内有东西扎一样
destine  用力向下把人订住,注定
destiny
destination 目的地,将要被订住的地方
predestinate 预先被订住了的
             缘分 predestinate coincidence
             "在时间和空间的茫茫旷野上,不早一步,也不晚一步,
              偏偏在这个时候遇到了你,只能轻轻说一声,你也在么?"
obstinate ob向外 总是往外扎的人,固执的,难于控制的

stig
stigma stig 刺出来,ma=mark 污辱,污名
instigate  发起煽动
prestige 声望
astingmatic 乱视 散光的 没有点的
string 细绳子 琴弦 一串
strict 严格,拉得很紧得
district 往四面八方拉
restrict 反复拉,限制
stringent 缺钱得
astringe 使收缩,收敛
constringe 压缩

stru 构建
construct 建筑 contruction complete
construction
destructive
destruct
instruct 教育;指示;通知
instrument 仪器
instructor 教员
obsturct 阻挡,ob 把东西建到外面去

teacher
adviser 指导教师
tutor   家庭教师
tuition 教育费

2 stract 拉
tractor
attract  appeal
attractive
abstract   把实质的东西都拿走,不具体,摘要
contract   两个人一起拉,合同,婚约
subtract   减去
distract 往四面八方啦,分散  医生打针
retract 缩进

3 sure
assure
censure  责难
ensure   保证
leisure  累的人要找时间休息

4 tact 接触
contact 接触
tact 机敏,知道该碰哪里不该碰哪里
contact 接触
intact 没有被接触,那么就是未受损的

tach = touch
attach 反复不断贴在上面
attachment
detach 分开

tag 标签
大头贴tag
ticket
integrity 没有接触过的 完整的,正直的
disintegrate 瓦解

6 tact=tag  tig=tang
tangent 接触的切线的
intangible 不可捉摸,不可认识的
entangle 卷入混乱之中
contingent 意外的,靠情况而定,接触之后才能知道怎么下一步的

7 tain ten tin 保持的
content 满足的
contentious contend 争吵,争吵过多,好争吵
tentacle 触角 用来拿住的,接触的
tenacious 剑刃不拔的 死拿不放

tain
stain 污点, stay+in 有个脏东西停留在衣服上
stainless 不锈钢
attain 达到 取得
obtain 获得
maintain
sustain 支持,在下面拿住
detain 阻止;扣留,就是要拿住你
abstain 戒烟酒,把烟酒拿远一点
tenant 10个小蚂蚁,承租人,房客 拿住了房间的人

tin
continue
continent 大陆,一直感情冲动,把感情把持住
continual  不断的
 
a tenacious memory
a tenacious negotiator
8 tend tens tent 拉开 延展
tend 注意关心
trend 趋势
tension 拉力 紧张关系
tendency 趋势趋向
tender   love me tender
attend  照料关心注意,把思维往这边延伸
attention 注意关系关注
attendance
attendant 为别人的服务的人
intend 想要打算
intension 紧张强度
contend 两个人一起去绷紧,竞争搏斗
contention  争论
extend 往外延展
distend 膨胀 胀大
pretend 预先拉出来,假装

tenu
ten拉u “又”,拉了又拉,变薄
extenuate 变薄
extenuate 掩饰罪行,减轻罪过

9 test
test    一个人做一件事情,不知道结果,是尝试的
prove   一个人已经知道了结果,只是证明给别人看

protest 去给别人测试,不信任了,抗议,反对
contest 互相考验,竞争
testament 遗嘱,证明  找个人过来证明一下
attest 证明
detest de向下,就是为了把人考下去的

prove         
probe b-v 探针 探测 news probe
proof 证明 证据  waterproof
improve
improvement
approve 批准通过
approbate 认可
approbation 称赞,认可
approximate 近似 大约 “阿婆选美”凑凑活活
probity 正直,这个人说话什么时候都可以得到证实


10 tour tort trop trophe turn =turn  troph
trop
tropic 热带地区,回归线
       太阳在南北回归线之间转来转去的地方
contort 扭曲扭转
distort 扭曲,面目表情扭曲
extort 强索  to extort money form him  从别人身上拧出钱来
       两个大力士比拧毛巾

turb 旋转
disturb 扰乱
perturb 扰乱 从头到尾都在扰乱
turbine 涡轮机

tray
betray  叛变
portray 描绘
portrait 肖像 family portrait

11 trud trus thrust=trust 推入 进入
trust 信任 "推心置腹"
extrude 挤出 压出
intrude 强行进入,闯入
obtrude 突出
obtrusive 突出炫耀的
protrude 突出伸出

12 vade voy=via=way 【voy vey view】
voy vey
voyage
envoy 使节,派他上路
convoy 护送护卫 一起上路 “o”眼睛睁得大大得
convey 搬运 传送 转然    “e”眼睛不够大,所以只是送

via
viability 有没有入的能力
viaduct 引导的路,高架桥
deviant 走错了的路,跃出常规的,反常的
devious 弯曲的,不正直
trivial 琐碎的,3叉路口容易有八卦传开

vade
invade 侵入 侵略
evade 逃避 “一味的逃避”
pervade 哪里都走着,弥漫,普及

vide
divide 个走个路,dis+vide
individual 个人
subdivide  再分
obvious ob 外面 “狼子之心”路人皆知
view   
survey 往下看 俯瞰
clairvoyance 透视 洞察力

13 vor
voracious 狼吞虎咽的
devour 吞
carnivore 吃肉的
herbivore
omnivorous 什么都吃,杂食
ivory i 象牙

14 vent=went
vent 通风口
avenue 林荫达到,总是有人走的路
advent 不断往前走
contravention 反着走
convention 大会,大家走到一起来
congress
event 大事
eventually
invent 发明
inventory 详细的目录,存货清单
revenge 复仇 走回来
revenue 重新走回来的前
circumvent 回避,规避,绕着圈走

15 ver 旋转
verse 诗歌,写了一行就要回一行,“回文”
convert 使转化
devert 转向
diversity dis 四面八方的转

avert 转头就走,避免避开
overt 明显的,公然的
pervert 使 堕落,每一个都转过来,变态
vertigo 一边转一边走,晕眩
extrovert 外向者
introvert 内向的人
adverse 去和你拧的人,逆境

16 vest 衣服
vest 背心 西服里面的马甲 法衣 授予权利财产
vestment  官服
invest 投资
divest 拨除
vestige 痕迹,穿了什么衣服之后的痕迹
FBI federal bureau of investigation

17 vin vict=win
convince 使相信确信
invincible 不可能征服的
province 一个人的征服范围

vict
victory
victor
victim 被别人赢了的人,受害者
convict 证明有罪

18 fect fic 做
faction 在一起做事情的小团体,宗派小集团
fact 因素,可以起作用的东西
factory
affect 潜移默化的影响
affection 慈爱 感情 作用
affectation 加了一点东西,就是做作了
defect 缺点 缺陷
effect 结果
perfect
fiction
fictionist
fictitious 假的,虚构的
artificial

19 vig veg viv
vigor 精力 活力

viv
vivid
survive 下面活着
revive 复活 复兴
convivial 欢宴 欢乐

20 sper 发散发展
spread
spray    喷雾状的
sprinkle 喷洒
sprawl 伸展手足而卧
prosper 往前面发散 繁荣
prosperity
despaire
desperse 分散 驱散

21 miss 发散 发送
dismiss 解雇 解散
mission 使命
missile 导弹

mit 发射
intermit 中断
transmit 传播
emit 发射

22 flag fil pli flect

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:53  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀 7

1 pound pend pens
pound  磅  英镑
pond   鱼塘

ponder 沉思,考虑,掂量 权衡
ponderous
preponderate 在重量上超过某物,占优势的

Pond 庞德
有意象之美,受俳句影响
日本的版画和俳句
中国与国际接轨,只有外国的车开进来,中国的车不出去
德国的书店里面“道德经”在神秘主义中

compensation 补偿 补偿金
recompense  报酬

pend 悬挂
pendent 悬挂
pendulum 钟摆
pension 养老金
append  附加 添加
appendix 附录 阑尾
总统的子弹怎么掏,贝尔探测的故事
depend 取决于
dependent 依靠的,从属的
dispend 花光了
expend  花出去
spend
impend  迫近,逼迫,悬挂
        达莫可李斯要做宙斯的位子,发现上面有把剑
        文明越来越告诉发展的时候,这把剑就越锋利
independent  自主
interdependent  互相依赖的
suspend  挂起来,系统被挂起

2 plode plaud
声音响,走路的声音

plod 沉重的走
explode 爆炸
implode 内爆剧减
applaud 鼓掌
plaudit 拍手称赞
plausible 似乎合理,嘴巧的;说得那么有道理,简直该鼓掌鼓励。
          有点讽刺,黑说成白。。。庄子说鱼开不开心。
3 pose put
pose 姿势 姿态
position 位置 职位
possess  你可以任意把它放在什么地方,就拥有了它
possession 财产
self-possession 自控能力
positive 确实得,肯定得,人得性格积极得(MEL C得歌)
post
postage
postcard
postman

compose 构成组成 作曲
expose 暴露曝光
impose 把什么强加于,加重…负担
孩子的理想,当家庭主妇,当

propose 建议 打算 求婚 propose to
        小洪,你死了之后愿意埋在我们家祖坟么?
purpose per从头到尾 pose, 从头到位都放着的位子
dispose 配置 布置 处理 处置
        dis 四处发放到正确的位置
diposition 部署,天性,气质;上帝在一个人出生前的定位。
           要让自己的生命发光
oppose 反对
opposite 对面的对立面
suppose  没有经过证实,所以放在下面
depose  免职
deposition 沉淀物
apropos  适当的,中肯的,到位
repose 躺着休息,安睡

4 pose=put
input output
dispute 贴错了门神,吵架
computer
repute 名声,名气
reputation 名声
depute 派…为代表或代理;向下放权利
delegate 派…为代表或代理
represent 表现象征
The bald eagle represnets the US.
impute 归罪于
The gracefulness is so often imputed to cats.

5 press 压。
pressure
compress 压缩
depress 沮丧,萧条
express
expression
expressly  特别被表达
He was expressly forbidden to speak to the girl.
The building is expressly designed to conserve energy.
impress 给…印象
impressive 是个很好的讽刺的词
suppress 镇压
repress 抑制
oppress 压制

6 quie 安静
quiet 安静的
quiesecent 静止的  -scent逐渐的变化
adolescent 少年期
acquiensce 勉强同意 反复不断地安静

7 scan scend scense
慢慢形成的,往上升
ascent 攀登登高
ascendancy 统治权
descend 下来,遗传
descendant 子孙,后裔
decent 端庄 得体“低声”说话,得体
condescend 在所有的地方都“低声”,低三下四,屈尊
transcend 超越 胜过 跳过一个界限

8 sci 看
scene 场景
scenery 风景(all the scenery looks the same)
scenic 舞台背景
scent 气味

science 学科,古代人感知世界的主要方法就是看,所以看得多了,就有了科学

scientist
conscious 有意识得,意识清醒的,只是丧失了痛觉,但是还知医生做了什么
conscience 良知 全部的科学只剩下哲学,科学的背面是良知(科学与伦理

nescient ne不,无知的
omniscience 全知的
prescience 预知的

9 seek= seque =sue=secut=second
sec
persecute 迫害 残害
sequent 接续而来
sequence 次序
consequent 一系列的结果,必然的
subsequent 后来的并发的
obsequious 逢迎的

sue
跟着别人走 起诉,就是跟着别人,不易不饶,起诉
issue 问题点,争论电,因为起诉,就是有争论得地方。
      期刊,发表发行。以前得期刊就不定期得,只有有了问题,才发刊讨论

pursue 从头到位跟随,追求追赶
pursuit 追赶
desuetude 废止 不用得,不再跟随了

sert 往里塞
insert
desert 沙漠 被遗弃得地方
dessert 吃完饭之后,往四面八方分发得东西
assertive 言语果断得
exert 挥发得,施加

serv
serve 服务,把东西递给你
servant 仆人
service
servile 奴性得,百依百顺得
-ile 容易-的
agile 容易act,敏捷的,特别容易动的
ag=act
exile 很容易被推到外面,流放
ductile duc引导,很容易被引导,延展性强
fertile 很容易“带来”食物,肥沃
conserve 都保留下来了,蜜饯
conservative 保守的,防腐的
deserve 应到得到,知道  derserve a good girl
observe 观察 ob 去,去记录下来
observatory 天文台
preserve 保存保藏 保护
reserve 储备预定
reservoir 水库
reservation 保留地,预留的位子

10 sol
单独的
solo
isolate i sol ate 一个人吃饭
console 安慰 一起孤单 “孤单是一个人的狂欢,狂欢是一群人的孤单”
        要安慰别人,就把自己说得比别人还惨


carnation carn肉 给我们肉得人,就是母亲
carnival 肉欲得节日
carnage 血肉的年代

insular 岛屿的,心胸狭窄
insulate 被孤立,绝缘
desolate 荒芜的,孤独的
solitary 孤独的
capsule  胶囊 航天舱 通过一个cap把sule的药片放在一起
asylum  庇护所,孤立于危险地方的地方

solar 太阳,只有一个
solar system
solar cell 太阳能电池
solemn 庄严的
       世界上只有一个的人,“寡人”
solomon 所罗门,聪明人 as wise as solomon ,向上帝要智慧的人
salute
insolent 不把别人当庄严的人看,粗暴的无礼的

11
spect = spy act

12 stand stant stic stance stitude sist
understand
standerdize
outstanding

stant
constant 从头到尾都站在那里,固定不变的,常数
instant 站不住的,瞬间
substance  物质 本质 古希腊人认为物体是由上面的部分,还下面的部分组成的,下面的“形而下”,是物体的本身。例如硫磺,是泥巴与火性。

sist
assist 帮助 援助
cad computer assist design
assistance 站在我身边
persist 坚持,不屈不挠
insist 坚持
consist 由…组成,在于,一致  站在一起
       Theory should consist with practice.
resist 站在对面,方抗
subsist 供给食物,供养,在下面,供给形而下的东西

stit
t好像钩子,钩着站起来
consititute 组成构成
consititution 宪法
institute 创立
instituion 学会

Stance
circumstance 在我前后左右的东西,境况
distance 距离

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:53  回复(1) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀6

28 mot=move
movement 乐章
movie
remove 反复不断往外移动,抹去
motion 运动 游行 people in motion
locomotion loco地方 运动位移
emotion 感情强烈
feeling
remote 遥远得,偏僻得 remote control unit 遥控器
demote 降职 降级
demotic 大众得、民众得,通俗 de motic 运动方向相反
motive  动机目的;作品的主题

mut 改变
mutineer 反叛者 没有天理啊
commute 全部的改变
        Baldry's 20-year prison sentence was commuted to 3 years.
commuter  通勤者 经常往返者 每天完全换一个地方
immutable 不变的
transmutable 可以变型的 变形金刚
mobile 活动的,流动的
immobile 不动的,固定的

29 muni 交流 交换
communication
communism  社区主义 一个群体里面的东西都可以交换
community  社区,大家有很多东西可以共享,community college
           block < community < parish
immune  "疫苗" 不再和病菌交换
immunity
municipal  共同拿住同一个东西的 市立的

32 not, nob =note
note
notebook
notice
footnote
notch V字形刻痕,用v算天数
      not ch 去
notorious  过多被提及的,臭名昭著的,好事不出门,坏事传千里
annotate 注解,不断的标注
connote 暗指,含蓄, 一个人说话,要用很多标注,才能懂,所以含蓄
connotation 含蓄内涵
中文思维: 把信息放在最后
西方席位: 把信息放在最前

denote 意味着

nob 高贵的
noble
ignoble ig不,下流的
snob 势利小人 sin noble= s nob= snob罪恶的高贵

33 claim
claim 喊叫
clam  蛤蜊 吵热了,然后死了
      权利、主张要求;声明所取
proclaim 宣布
exclaim 大叫,被懂
declaim 高谈阔论,大声说
acclaim 反复不断的叫,欢呼赞扬
reclaim 重新汗回来,开垦,回收
disclaim 放弃权利,拒绝承认

总统宣布国家成立    proclaim
进门剪刀贼,惊乎    exclaim
班级选举时振振有辞  declaim

rog (无理由的)大叫,就好像狗叫一样
arrogate  冒称具有……权利
a claim that you have a particular right, position, without having the legal right to it.

arrogant 自大的,傲慢的
frog  青蛙
derogate 贬低 诽谤

34 ora
oral
orator  演说者
oration 演讲
oracle  ora 口头 ac 顶尖 cle 小 神的小话——神谕
adore  崇拜 ad ore to,speak 总是想跟你说话
addict 总是想写,上瘾

unce 正式的说
announce
enounce 宣言说明
pronounce
renouce 宣布放弃
denounce 斥责,揭发

jure
jury
injure 伤害(巫师发誓来诅咒别人)
abjure 誓绝,远离幽默(中国不是没有幽默,时把感笑的都杀了)
adjure 郑重敦促

35 phone son voice
phonic 音的语音的
phonetic 语言上的
microphone
telephone
symphony 交响乐
euphony 悦耳的声音
cacophony caco卡锞的声音,刺耳的意思。

son
sony
panasonic
sonnet 14行诗
benison 嘱咐
sonata 奏鸣曲

中英翻译
fangfang   (毒牙) lipstick
maxi puke   puke 呕吐物,巨大的呕吐物
dell = dull 故意把e写歪
mingshitang
shanghai it
Chinese fungi  香港脚   中国的真菌
white elephant 重要的累赘物
junk coock 废物

voice
vocation 天职 神召,要遵循上帝在内心的互换
avocation 个人爱好 不是天职
vacation  假期 vac 空
advocate  提倡 鼓吹;发出了声音
          devil's advocator 写了个文章,之后另一个人在质问
equivocal 意义含糊的,不直率的,两个声音一样大
invoke  恳求;祈求
        invoked the help of a passing motorist
evoke 把记忆召唤出来了,唤起回忆
provoke 引起,惹怒 煽动, 战前的乱喊
convoke 着急会议
revocable 可以把它飞出的
irrevocable 不能改变的,无法取消的

37 pact 拍
pac=pat
pact 协定 条约
compact 紧密的,结实的,化妆小粉盒
impact 加强往里面拍,冲击力,影响

38 part 部分
party

大小写
part Party
august 庄严伟岸的
aids 援助的第三人称

particle 粒子
particular 特别的,挑剔的
impartial 公正的
partition 分割
portion 比例

apart
apartment
compartment 车间,一个个小隔间
department 部门
impart 给予,传递  把某一个部分暴露在外国人眼睛里
She  imparted the secret to her boyfirend.
aperture 裂空裂口
participate 参加

39 pass path pat
path = pass 小路
footpath 人行道
pathology 病理学 人生是金光达到,生病的时候是小道
pathetic 得病了,让人可怜得,可怜得
sympathetic 同情得,两个人得了一样得病
sympathize
apathy 没有感觉,冷漠得
empathy 心意相通得,融为一体, 移情
telepath 遥感,精神感应

pat 疼痛、忍耐
patient
patience
impatient
compatible 而这可以相互忍耐的,兼容的

40 ple 加,丰富多的
plenty 丰富,充足
ample 富裕了,才能够“安婆”,安顿老婆
amble 只有富足了,才能“安步”当车
complete 不断的加不断的加,就完成了
accomplish 完成,实现了
deplete 倒空耗尽 不再加

42 pel 推
appeal 上诉,往上推
       被推着往前走,是吸引。
appealing girl
repeal 撤销,重新推

乔峰
compel 大家都逼他出招
dispel 他一掌,把别人驱散
expel  但是大家又还回来,把他打倒强外面。
propel   推进
impel    推动,加强推
appellor 上诉人
spell  符咒,有如拼写的时候是拼出来的。
gospel 福音信仰,上帝的spell

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:52  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀6

28 mot=move
movement 乐章
movie
remove 反复不断往外移动,抹去
motion 运动 游行 people in motion
locomotion loco地方 运动位移
emotion 感情强烈
feeling
remote 遥远得,偏僻得 remote control unit 遥控器
demote 降职 降级
demotic 大众得、民众得,通俗 de motic 运动方向相反
motive  动机目的;作品的主题

mut 改变
mutineer 反叛者 没有天理啊
commute 全部的改变
        Baldry's 20-year prison sentence was commuted to 3 years.
commuter  通勤者 经常往返者 每天完全换一个地方
immutable 不变的
transmutable 可以变型的 变形金刚
mobile 活动的,流动的
immobile 不动的,固定的

29 muni 交流 交换
communication
communism  社区主义 一个群体里面的东西都可以交换
community  社区,大家有很多东西可以共享,community college
           block < community < parish
immune  "疫苗" 不再和病菌交换
immunity
municipal  共同拿住同一个东西的 市立的

32 not, nob =note
note
notebook
notice
footnote
notch V字形刻痕,用v算天数
      not ch 去
notorious  过多被提及的,臭名昭著的,好事不出门,坏事传千里
annotate 注解,不断的标注
connote 暗指,含蓄, 一个人说话,要用很多标注,才能懂,所以含蓄
connotation 含蓄内涵
中文思维: 把信息放在最后
西方席位: 把信息放在最前

denote 意味着

nob 高贵的
noble
ignoble ig不,下流的
snob 势利小人 sin noble= s nob= snob罪恶的高贵

33 claim
claim 喊叫
clam  蛤蜊 吵热了,然后死了
      权利、主张要求;声明所取
proclaim 宣布
exclaim 大叫,被懂
declaim 高谈阔论,大声说
acclaim 反复不断的叫,欢呼赞扬
reclaim 重新汗回来,开垦,回收
disclaim 放弃权利,拒绝承认

总统宣布国家成立    proclaim
进门剪刀贼,惊乎    exclaim
班级选举时振振有辞  declaim

rog (无理由的)大叫,就好像狗叫一样
arrogate  冒称具有……权利
a claim that you have a particular right, position, without having the legal right to it.

arrogant 自大的,傲慢的
frog  青蛙
derogate 贬低 诽谤

34 ora
oral
orator  演说者
oration 演讲
oracle  ora 口头 ac 顶尖 cle 小 神的小话——神谕
adore  崇拜 ad ore to,speak 总是想跟你说话
addict 总是想写,上瘾

unce 正式的说
announce
enounce 宣言说明
pronounce
renouce 宣布放弃
denounce 斥责,揭发

jure
jury
injure 伤害(巫师发誓来诅咒别人)
abjure 誓绝,远离幽默(中国不是没有幽默,时把感笑的都杀了)
adjure 郑重敦促

35 phone son voice
phonic 音的语音的
phonetic 语言上的
microphone
telephone
symphony 交响乐
euphony 悦耳的声音
cacophony caco卡锞的声音,刺耳的意思。

son
sony
panasonic
sonnet 14行诗
benison 嘱咐
sonata 奏鸣曲

中英翻译
fangfang   (毒牙) lipstick
maxi puke   puke 呕吐物,巨大的呕吐物
dell = dull 故意把e写歪
mingshitang
shanghai it
Chinese fungi  香港脚   中国的真菌
white elephant 重要的累赘物
junk coock 废物

voice
vocation 天职 神召,要遵循上帝在内心的互换
avocation 个人爱好 不是天职
vacation  假期 vac 空
advocate  提倡 鼓吹;发出了声音
          devil's advocator 写了个文章,之后另一个人在质问
equivocal 意义含糊的,不直率的,两个声音一样大
invoke  恳求;祈求
        invoked the help of a passing motorist
evoke 把记忆召唤出来了,唤起回忆
provoke 引起,惹怒 煽动, 战前的乱喊
convoke 着急会议
revocable 可以把它飞出的
irrevocable 不能改变的,无法取消的

37 pact 拍
pac=pat
pact 协定 条约
compact 紧密的,结实的,化妆小粉盒
impact 加强往里面拍,冲击力,影响

38 part 部分
party

大小写
part Party
august 庄严伟岸的
aids 援助的第三人称

particle 粒子
particular 特别的,挑剔的
impartial 公正的
partition 分割
portion 比例

apart
apartment
compartment 车间,一个个小隔间
department 部门
impart 给予,传递  把某一个部分暴露在外国人眼睛里
She  imparted the secret to her boyfirend.
aperture 裂空裂口
participate 参加

39 pass path pat
path = pass 小路
footpath 人行道
pathology 病理学 人生是金光达到,生病的时候是小道
pathetic 得病了,让人可怜得,可怜得
sympathetic 同情得,两个人得了一样得病
sympathize
apathy 没有感觉,冷漠得
empathy 心意相通得,融为一体, 移情
telepath 遥感,精神感应

pat 疼痛、忍耐
patient
patience
impatient
compatible 而这可以相互忍耐的,兼容的

40 ple 加,丰富多的
plenty 丰富,充足
ample 富裕了,才能够“安婆”,安顿老婆
amble 只有富足了,才能“安步”当车
complete 不断的加不断的加,就完成了
accomplish 完成,实现了
deplete 倒空耗尽 不再加

42 pel 推
appeal 上诉,往上推
       被推着往前走,是吸引。
appealing girl
repeal 撤销,重新推

乔峰
compel 大家都逼他出招
dispel 他一掌,把别人驱散
expel  但是大家又还回来,把他打倒强外面。
propel   推进
impel    推动,加强推
appellor 上诉人
spell  符咒,有如拼写的时候是拼出来的。
gospel 福音信仰,上帝的spell

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:51  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀5

12 front= face   前面,脸
affront 冒犯 侮辱 总是在面前出现挡路(回避)
confront 面临遭遇
effrontery e外面,脸到外面去了,不要脸
efface  擦掉,抹去
deface  损坏外观
preface 序言 前言,最前面的一张脸
facet   多面体的面;宝石等刻面,琢面

PS -et 小而多
cigar cigarette

facade  建筑物的正面,虚伪的外面
-ate=-ade 使之,使它成为脸
找朋友要找对别人也好的,女朋友除外

facetious 轻浮,好开玩笑的
-ious过多的 make faces 做鬼脸 做了很多脸

13 form 形状
14 gest 挤死他  拥挤
gesture  手势 姿态,用姿态把心中的感情挤出来
congest  充血,使拥挤
digest   消化 吸收 文摘摘要
ingest   咽下、吞下
suggest  偷偷塞纸条

15 greg
17 gress=grade
congress
ingress
egress
regress
transgress
aggressive
aggression
digress     远离话题

grade=gress
graduate
graduated 有了刻度的
gradual  逐渐的,逐步的
upgrade
degrade
centigrade 摄氏温度

cent=100
centimeter century

dis 把某个东西往不同的地方带,表示了不同
dissent dis sense感觉不同,不同意持异议
defference
digress  离题

17 gress-cess=cede 走 gress grade cess cede
缺失了r
access 接近进入
accessible
accessory   -ory地方 可以走得进去的地方
excess  超越
concession 走到一起来,在一起就要妥协
美国的建国,南方6州保留了奴隶制

process 进程;加工处理; cpu center process unit
success 成功 su下面,下面的不断往上走的人
successful
successor  继承人,接着走的人

I'll persist until I succeed.

successive 连续的
recess  休假了,往回走了

cede 走
precede 先于;在…之前
precedence 优先,居先
secede 正式脱离或推出组织
concede 勉强 承认退让

-it
exit
initial=incipient
initiate in it i ate
ambition ambi 两边都喜欢,两边都跑,哪边都想要

cur=run

cursor 游标
cursive 草书,跑着写的
current 现时的;(水气电)流;趋势
currency 流通流行通货
curry 咖喱粉
curse 诅咒
occur 出现,想到;忽然跑出来一个人
      oc 往外 cur 跑
      e往外 vent(went)走
      事件
concur 同时发生,一起跑出来;意见相同,一致,互助
incursion 跑到别人家里去了,侵犯
discursive 四处乱跑,散漫的
precursor 前驱,在前面跑的
scurry  急行

18 lap
吧哒的落下

lap 大腿,二郎腿的时候重合的部分; (跑到)的一圈 (f1)
overlap 重叠
lapse 失误,小的失误
clap  拍,掌声;一闭合就能发出声音的
clapper 响板

relapse 旧病复发,再恶化
e;apse 时光流失
collapse    倒塌(一下子倒)
dilapidate  荒废(慢慢地倒了)


19 labor 劳累地
laborious 费力地,吃力地-ous
laboratory -ory 地方 让人劳累的地方 实验室
elaborate  e出来 把劳力都使出来的,精细的详尽的
collaborate co一起,协作
syllabus  教学纲要 syl(syn) lab us一起累我们


20  late 边界 late(肋骨),是人得边界
translate
collate 对照校对
lathe 累死再车床上,车床
unilateral 单边政策
bilateral  双边政策

21 lude=play clude
allude 暗指
Try not to allude to this matter in his presence
because it annoys him to hear of it.

prelude 前奏
interlude  暂时休息中间休息
delude  迷惑
collude 一起玩,串通

21 play 玩,展示
playful 爱打趣得,嬉戏得
teleplay 电视剧
display 展示
interplay 相互影响
employ 被使用了,演员来这边演一下,就是被雇佣了
employer employee
deploy 部署 调动
monopoly mono 单一的  垄断  来自monk 和尚得独身主义者
monotone 单 调的

22 migr 迁徙
emigrate 移民到国外
immigrate  移入本国
migrant 侯鸟

24 mand命令 mend修改
mandate 使他去吧 命令
command 命令,控制
countermand  撤回命令
demand 要求,需要,专横得。
       to ask for urgently or peremporily
madarin 中国官话 满清话 “满大人”

mend
commend   所有得毛病都改了,赞扬,推荐
recommend 推荐,反复得推荐
amend 修正
mendacity 虚假 cit 加强极端化
mendacious

26 memor 回忆
memory
memorize
memorable
commemorate  纪念

27 miss 错过
mislead mistake mist薄雾
dismiss 解雇  miss 做词根得时候,做发散得意思
mission
missile 导弹
emissary 密室,扔到外面做事情

mit
commit 犯错误 托付,把一个任务全给了别人。
       犯错误,是撒旦把错误托付给人
committee 被委托的人
emit 往外发射,散发
omit 省略删去,忽略
transmit 从这边传送到另外一个地方去
submission 服从
intermit 暂时停止,中断
interupt 中间打断
manumit 从手里放开,从奴隶手中获取了自由,解放

meet 遇见
meet 符合
admit 承认,接纳
permit 允许 许可

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:51  回复(1) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀 4

词根
1 cis=cut
abscise ab 远离   切除
concise con 全都切 简明 简洁的 
incise 切,切割
incisive 切入的,一针见血的  incisive
precise  精确的 来自于宝石切割

scissors 剪子
         s 吴孟达 “永远都不是主角,表音不表意”
         spin =pin
         swatch =watch
s不表意,ciss, or, s剪刀是两把刀
变化公式 -er-ur-or=完成某动作的人或物
         actor  equator 将某物平分的东西,吃到
         armor  装甲,一套的东西 army

cid=cis
decide 快刀斩乱麻
suicide 自杀

sect 切
sect     宗教派别
          (个个宗教派别)
section  节、段,部分 (不同的版面)
sector   部分、扇区
segment  部分、段、分割
bisect   切成两部分  bycicle bilingal
dissect  解剖 dis 四面散开
insect   昆虫 节肢类动物
intersect相交,你切我,我切你
transect 横断面

tom 切
tom 公的、雄性的、公猫  叫tom的人,都是很调皮的人
    外国的名字 smith blacksmith铁匠 whitesmith jokesmith笑匠
               Hunter Carpenter (yesterday once more)
               forest lake pond
               churchill= church hill
               Albright (国务揿)
               春上春树
               bush  kissinger
    tom tyler
atom       原子,不能被切开的
anatomy    解剖
anatomize  解剖
epitome    典型 梗概,把其他的东西都切掉了 “e pi”衣皮
phantom    “坟头”幻影
symptom    症状 “胸拍痛”aids sars

cis
cid=cip 坠落
accident
incident
occident 西洋,西欧诸国


2 cret
cret = creat
accrete 长大
concret 混凝土=水+cement水泥 +鹅卵石+沙粒
excrete 排泄,分泌
secret  se分开 cret 格外去创造,不让别人知道
secrete 分泌,藏匿
secretary  秘书

*ary 有,放置*的地方
armory 武器库
rosary
diary    dia=day
cemetery 坟地
apiary api 蜜蜂 养蜂场
aviary avi 鸟  a鸟头v鸟翅膀i鸟尾巴+鸟x  养鸟场
secretary  秘密的地方,秘书

区分:discrete   往四面八方的
      discreet   小心谨慎的
      两个E分开,两个E连接

sacred 神圣的,大家不了解的秘密,就是神秘的
sacrifice 牺牲 祭祀 使之神圣化
sacrilege 亵渎圣物 sacri +leg
consecrate 全部神圣化 奉献
screscendo 渐强

cred 信用 赊欠
credit 学分
accredit
credulous  轻信的
incredible  信用层面  买票、女朋友写投诉信
unbelievable 是否存在

3 cap cup cip cep 容纳 拿住
anticipate ante 预先cip 拿住 预测
discipline
recipe  拿药 配方 菜谱 拿食物
participate 参加
principle 原则 道义 信念 prin最先需要拿住的
occupay   占用
accept 接受
concept 每个人都要拿住的-概念,观念
exceptiong 例外
percept    per每一个都拿住了  感知对象
forceps   镊子,钳子
inception  开端,刚拿刀,还没有开始做
incipient  初期的,刚出现的
ceiv=cep
receive被动 accept主动
receiver 接收者
conceive 都拿住了,构想,怀孕
unconceivable 不能察觉的 不可想想的
perceive  察觉、感觉的
deceive   欺骗,在下面拿着东西,有暗的东西

4 scrip scrib crep
script  剧本;手稿;笔迹;手迹
scrip   便条,纸条,制片
prescrip  命令 规定
prescription  规定指示 处方 药方
description 描写;说明书
conscript   征兵 被动
enlist      入伍 主动

scrib=scrip
prescribe 开处方
ascribe   不断的把东西写在什么下面,把……归于
describe
subscribe  认购 定购 在下面写字,证明认购
circumscribe 在周围画个圈子“画地为牢” 限制

crep
来自与creep爬“爬格子”
decrepit 衰老的 破旧的

5 close
enclosure 围绕
disclose 透露泄漏
inclose  围起来 附上

clude=close
conclude  下结论,把我知道的东西全都综合起来
exclude   把。。。出外,排斥
exclusive  独家新闻 排外的 独占的。
occlude   oc去 使闭塞 使关闭
preclude  排除 避免,预先关闭以防治
recluse   隐士 反复地把自己关起来

6 cliv clim
climb
b 结尾不发音: tomb bomb lamb
climb   倾斜地东西
climate 气候,风土,思潮;太阳与地方地角度造成了不同地气候
acclimate  反复不断地让某人适应新环境
climax     定点
anticlimax 反高潮 渐降法 虎头蛇尾

clin
incline  往什么地方倾斜
decline  往下面倾斜
clinch   ch 去; 紧紧附在
cling    附着
clinic   门诊部,诊所(斜在那里,看完病就走)

cliv
proclivity  倾向 癖性
acclivity   向上地陡坡
declivity   倾斜面 斜坡

7 duce duct
duct 导
conductor 售票员 指挥 导体 (指导的人)
abduct  ab 远离,指导一个人远离,绑架 拐走
        kidnap 趁小孩打趸的时候,把小孩带走
        nip 捏  nipper 镊子
        snap 响指  it's just a snap. = piece of cake
        snappy 爽快
-y 代表具有很多前面的东西,形容词
   starry night  stony road  stony girl  cloudy sunny

deduct 扣除
conductor
conduction   传导
conductivity 传到率
-ity 比较正式的词的词尾
introduction  介绍;引进;绪论

byproduct 附产品
bypass    走过去
byline    标题下署名的行
bias      偏见 偏爱

duce
education  就是上帝认为,教育是为了把人的优势引导出来
induce   引起 引入
adduce   不断的引导以得出,给予理由
deduce   演绎 退论
reduce   往回引导,缩小
seduce   使之离开正路 “色”

9 digit=deci
digital DV digital video  DC digital camera 
        PDA palm digital assistance
digit 数字 指头
digital
prodigit 奇才 智商310

dec 十
decade 十年
decimal 小数的,十进制
decibel 分贝 deci bell 十个铃当一起想
decimate 毁掉大部分大量杀死
         罗马出发叛军的方法,十个人里抽签杀一个

dign 数字很n"牛"  尊严
     出身本位 学位本位 金钱本位
dignity  尊严
indignity

10 lecture loqu locu
locu说 elocution 演说术
       locution  独特的措辞,惯用语,说话的风格
locu= loqu 说话 "落磕"
colloquial  白话的,口语的
eloquent    善变的,有说服力的
magniloquent 扩大的唠嗑,夸张的
soliloquy    自言自语  sole单独的

11 fer port--tempor
fer  拿
prefer
offer of往外 fer 往外拿的东西
preference
ferry
defer  推迟,往下面看
differ
difference
confer    授予
infer 推断 to infer an unknown fact from a known fact
inferior 下级的,下等的
inferno  火海 infer 要来带-no!!!!
refer    查阅提到;把什么归因于; refer to dictionary b把词拿回导字典看
referee  裁判 公断人
reference 参考;介绍人;提及信
suffer   sus 下面,带到下面,受苦
transfer  转移
ferocious  fer 带;ious过多;带走了很多的东西,凶猛残暴
ferocity   凶猛残暴
ferment   使发酵,骚动 “翻馒头”骚动就是为了馒头
          yeast     酵母

port 运输
porter 搬运工
portable 手提式的
airport  运输-用来运输的东西-空港
passport
export
import
important 最重要的东西,才从外面买进来,一般都自己来
disport   玩耍,嬉戏
opporunity  机会
辨析: chance opportunity
chance =change 因为情况改变,而造成的机会
opportunity 找一个机会去运输,找个时间出港,一直在等待想让它出现的东西
一直在申请haward,后来忽然有一天,要一个亚裔的喝汽水很牛的人。。copportunity
申请harward,没去,后来开普敦大学要,就去了。chance

support transport

tempor= time port
temporary 暂时的
comtemporary 同时代的人;adj 当代的
extemporary


 

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:50  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀3

repose  往回放置 放回去
y= a+b+c
y1= a1+b+c

1 de
  方向上:down,away,off
  强度:complete
  de + n/adj 词根 = 降低、减弱
  decode = de +code 解码
  deface = deface 破坏外观
  de + v =往下/加强
  debate 大力打压-争论
  decrey 大声哭诉-谴责
练习:
  describe  +v 就是写下来,描述
  defame    +n 诽谤
  deform    +n 毁坏
  depose    +v 职位降低
  debris = de break +v 碎片残骸

2 e, ec, ex
  向外:往外
  强度:更加超出
  ex +v,n = 往外   expel = ex pel 推 =逐出
                   exhume = ex hume 泥土 = 出土
  ex +a 超出,越来越
                   exalt= ex alt(tall)
 (两个词证明古人斜眼)alt= tall    altitude tude=度
                     alter 祭坛,高高在上的
                     alto 男高音(4个声部)阉伶歌人
                     astr= star
                     astrology 占星术 astronomy 天文学
                    extenuate = ex+ tenu 薄=减轻
练习:
expunge= ex pun打,冲击 往外打,擦除抹去删去
expose = ex pose  放到外面
exhilarate= ex + hilar 高兴  兴高采烈的
exult = ex ult高  高兴至上的,心情在云端一样

3 im, in
  方向:进入
  强度
 1) em/en 进入(地方、状态)
 2) im/in
     in + n 进入 inbox
     in + adj = no  inappropriate  impossible
     in + 弱动词 =no   integrity = in teg 接触=没有被接触过的完整的
          弱动词:只表一个状态,而没有明显的动作变化的
                  例如 拿住 保存 接触
     in + 强动词= 加强、进入
          impact 撞击  Deeply impact
                  常见弱动词:man,immense/cip,incipent/ tag integrity
                  常见强动词:run, cur, break, incense, vent, imminent                               intrude, indicate inspect invoice
练习:
encourage  encase=en case 装入 enable 
enact 使法律进入活动的状态
enclose   装入
endear   使亲密
enforce

enjoy engulf enlarge enlighten enlist enroll ensure
entitle  entity entrust embody embolden inland
injustics indoors independent incomplete inactivate
input impress impressive impossible imprison income
indirect injustice impure impurity improve

indoor inland n  内陆
injustics adj 不公平
independent
incomplete
inactivate
input   
impress  压
impressive

4 di, dis
  方向 往四面八方消散  dispel dispose
  强度 从有到无   disapper disable
 
练习:
discuss discussion dishonor disinterest dislike
dismem berment disorder displace displacement
dismal dissatisfy dissatisfaction disproportionate
distasteful

5 re =back, again (red-元/h)
 方向:back 往回
 程度:again 再一次,反复
 re + adj = again
 re + v. = back多,again也有
 remark  n. 备注、评论、注意、注释
         vt.评论,注意
 recall  回忆、想起,记起;招回
 rejoice 反复的高兴
 remind  提醒,使想起
 rehearsal 反复不断的听自己
练习
 recollect refine recycle redefine redirect
 reelection reform refresh regeneration regenerative
 reheat replace renew remove
recollect重新想起
refine 反复不断的接近边界
redirect 重新投递
reform 改革

6 ob,oc,of,op,o
  方向上: 向外 toward object 外抛的
          反   against oppose 反对
  强度: to  obtain 获得
辨析:
  obtain    attain反复不断的过程
  小胖经过4年的努力,终于体重增加到300斤。
  通过10年的奋战,steven终于拿到了最受女学生欢迎老师奖。
  在新东方前台,就可以获得招生简章。
经过统计数据:绝大部分  ob=to 其次 ob=outer
              obstruct 建立在外面的,阻碍的

7 per =
  强度上 throughout  每一个都  percent 80%
  方向上 through, thoroughly 穿透
         perjure
         perjure jure发誓“主啊” jury 发誓团-陪审团
         穿透了你的誓言,做了伪证
         perennial 四季不断的,终年的,长期的
            enn=ann “一年年”annual年刊
            anniversary 爱你我洒泪 ann  vers转 ary 一年转过来一次
            universe 围绕地球转的球
         persecute 迫害 per sec ute
                            second sec=seek 跟在别人后面
                            Water seeks its own level.
                            Human seek a better college education.
                   从头到尾都跟着你 迫害
         perspective  透视画法,透视图,远景,观点,看法,观察
                      spect=spy act 间谍的动作,最早的间谍,就是去看
                      aspect 样子 面貌
                      conspectus 从个个方面看,大纲
                      circumspect 慎重的,周到的“老鼠出洞前,环视四”
                      respect  贴了歌照片,每天不停地看
                      inspect 检查,视察
                      prospect 往前看,预期 前景
                      spectrum 眼睛可以看到的地方,光谱
                               -um什么的地方  medium=mid i um中间的地方,媒介
                                              dictum 格言"鲁迅刻早"
                                              spectrum museum stadium
练习:
  podium 乐队指挥台  equilibrium 平衡 maximum minimum vacuum addendum 附录
                      suspect 怀疑
                      speculate 投机买卖 见机行事
8 pre pri pro
  方向 before,to
  强度 to
  profess confess
  confession room 忏悔室
  规律: 大部分pre=before ,
         一个例外 present=to sent去送给别人的东西,礼物
                  prolong变长 proliferation繁殖 proposal

       

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:49  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀 2

词根的学习

1 什么是词根?
  词根是大量使用并且被固化的词素
 
  鱼-大中小,大大,大中,大小。。。
      鲤鱼、鲇鱼、鲸鱼、鲨鱼……
  词素-词根
  一个词素逐渐被大量使用,就可以成为词根,词根的拼写是固定的。
  例如:
  define 定义,为了给人画一个边界 definitely
  confine 被confine, 墙成为了人移动的边界
         Any soldier who leaves his post will be confined to barracks.
  infinite 无限
  refine
  fine强调动作本身,前面的前缀强调了特征。
2 词根结构的三段论
  un read able
  最重要的是前两个部分,在句子中,一般可以通过词的位置来确定词性。
  B 做什么
  A 怎么做
  C 和其他的东西的关系

3 词根词缀法学习的关键:
  先用猜单词代替背单词,先猜,猜不出来的时候再背。
  dis 从有到无的过程  disable 使残疾 discover 泄漏,发现
 

前缀
一、只有一种意思的前缀
1 ab = away
  有a/ab/abs 3个格式
2 ad= to, toward (不断去做某事)
  (a,ac,af, ag,al,an,ap,ar,as,at)
 也就是说,如果前面是a,就是to70% 或者away 30%
 如果不是,就全部为to的意思
 ab 就是away
 ab 两人肚子方向相反,away
 ad 肚子方向一直,就是to
例如:
  aggressive 反复不断向前走,攻击性的  -    progress
  congress   走到一起来
  ingress
  egress
  progress
  regress
  agression
 
  assertive  断言,把自己的看法塞给别人
  insert     往里面塞
  desert     名次的重音总在前面,因为可以做主语,所以可以往前放
             抛弃,沙漠是被上帝抛弃的地方
  dessert  
  assert
  assertive
  exert= ex+ sert 把东西往外塞, 发挥、施加、压力
             exerted all my strength to move the box
             He never exerts himself to help anyone.
  toefl:
      the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and
      eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness.
      exert=put

3 anti=against
  anti 抗体
  anti-hero anti-art anti-novel antichrist  anti-virus
4 ante= before
  antenna 两个小强的触须
  ante cess or在前面走的人,先驱
  antique
5 be=be
  belie正在撒谎
6 bene,bon= good
  bonus 奖金,红利(电玩)
  bon (棒)+US 我们做的很棒
  benz 奔驰车,好车
  benefit bene+fat 肥肉
  benediction  dictionary (ary地方) 好的词呆的地方,颂词
  benevolent 好的意愿 vol=will, volunteer
  male   malediction 诅咒
         malevolent  阴险,阴毒的
7 co,con,com = with together (从四面八方过来)
  单词前缀图像法 ab, ad, con, anti
  collect = co
  compose = 组成 构成
8 inter = between among (两者同时作用)
  interaction瞬间两者同时作用,例如打墙的时候
  reaction 我打完之后又打我
9 trans,tran,tra = across, through, over (跨越,有一个边界的存在)
  transaction, travel, translate
10 para =pair- beside
  paramount (派拉蒙电影公司)
11 se= away, seperately (sed-元/h)
   梨子里面挑好的 select
   学生里面挑音高的select
   学生里面选公仆 elect
   greg 挤啊一挤 =拥挤
        aggregate  不断的聚集了很多的人,
        congregate  振臂一呼,一群人来了
        segregate   种族分离
        gregarious  群居,特别爱社交的
12 sur= under
   (suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sur,sus-cpt)
13 super, sur, sub =over, above
    大多是表在下面
   surplus 剩余
   sublimate= super limit ate 升华
14 extra = ex外边 tra跨越 = outside, without, except
   extraordinary 超出一般的规范的
   contra = con 全部 tra 跨越 = against; opposite;contrasting
15 sym= with,together  same
   (syn,syl,sym-bmp)
   symphony 一起发出了声音,交响乐
   synonym 同义词 nym=name
16 un =not不能
17 uni= only "u and i"
   uniqu 他们求异 中国求同
   uniform 制服
           formal 正式的,规格化的,礼仪上的
           format 样式;版式;使之符合格式 (格式化)
           formula 公式;规则,一定的做法 (f1)
           deform  损坏格式,破坏形状
           inform  通知
           reform   重新一个格式
           uniform
    firm   坚固
    affirm
    confirm 使坚固
    infirm 脆弱
4。3
         
  
  
  
  
       
 

 
 
 ab 就是away
 ab 两人肚子方向相反,away
 ad 肚子方向一直,就是to
例如:
  aggressive 反复不断向前走,攻击性的  -    progress
  congress   走到一起来
  ingress
  egress
  progress
  regress
  agression
 
  assertive  断言,把自己的看法塞给别人
  insert     往里面塞
  desert     名次的重音总在前面,因为可以做主语,所以可以往前放
             抛弃,沙漠是被上帝抛弃的地方
  dessert  
  assert
  assertive
  exert= ex+ sert 把东西往外塞, 发挥、施加、压力
             exerted all my strength to move the box
             He never exerts himself to help anyone.
  toefl:
      the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and
      eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness.
      exert=put

3 anti=against
  anti 抗体
  anti-hero anti-art anti-novel antichrist  anti-virus
4 ante= before
  antenna 两个小强的触须
  ante cess or在前面走的人,先驱
  antique
5 be=be
  belie正在撒谎
6 bene,bon= good
  bonus 奖金,红利(电玩)
  bon (棒)+US 我们做的很棒
  benz 奔驰车,好车
  benefit bene+fat 肥肉
  benediction  dictionary (ary地方) 好的词呆的地方,颂词
  benevolent 好的意愿 vol=will, volunteer
  male

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:48  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

词根词缀记忆 1

basin= base in
plain= plate in
between= be two in
twin= two in
baton= beat on
combat= com beat
debate= de beat
solo= sole

词素不过200多个

单词意思= 单词词素意思 + 文化背景
debate 往下打-》用语言往下打

1 直接把单词转化成原来的样子
2 根据单词的结构推出原来的意思

单词演义法

1 元音 (aeiouy)可以互换
1)单个元音字母呼唤
   begin/begun/began
2)字母的组合的呼唤
   seat-sit
   baton beat-on
3) 元音辅音字母组合的互换
   FLOWER= florid
           florence
           flora
在不规则动词表,发生了很多这样的问题。

2辅音字母的转化

stand
spin
sky
cool
design
1) c-k-g-qu
you kindle my life.
corean= korean (japan)
stink=sting
pigment色素、色猪=pict + ment
c-qu check=cheque (法语)

2) b-p
lambent=lampent
3) v-f
wolf-wolves
believe-belief
4)t-d
rodent= rat + dent

3 型近字母的转化
U,N.V
u v w 可以互换
4 H的脱落 (法语的h,中文的h,国际语的h)
arduous +h = harduous
channel = cannel
Christmas
high
hyperactive=hy +per+active

5 规则变换及组合变换
s-d
conclude -conclusion
s-t-d
rat- ab rad e磨损 - abrasion 磨损
f-ph-p
piscatology= fis(h) + cat(ch)+ ology 捕鱼学
phyromania = fire o man ia 纵火狂

exercise
pin- pen(鸡毛笔) -pine - pineapple- point-pain-pink被针扎过的粉红 肿胀
      pony  penal(给人带来疼痛的惩罚) punish 
punch  ch有去的意思。
pungent 像针一般的  辛辣、苛刻的、敏锐的
       放在不同的词之前就是不同的,所以“词本无意,义由境生”
spin 梭子,高速转动 (s的添加不改变词义) spine 刺脊椎(图)
spinal 脊椎动物
spinster  ster (动词词尾) 老处女
bechelor 单身汉
fin=pin 鱼鳍
finger=pin ger
        Chile is a thin finger of land. 智利的地图
finesse
final  最后面的,最尖端的
finland =final land
finance economic 强调交换
        finance是交换之后,一天之后,的总结
fiance fiancee 最后一个伴侣

单词 pin pen pain pine
加辅音 pink punk
加后缀 punish punch penal pungent
变形 fin fine
加辅音 fang 毒牙
加后缀 final finish finance


1 元音可以互换
2 辅音字母可以转化
3 形近字的转换
4 音的脱落
5 规则的变化
6 组合变换

单词-加辅音-加后缀-变型-加辅音-加后缀-变型

1)以上单词核心意思事一致的,2)拼写是相似的。

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:48  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

语法环形结构

句子 分析例句 总结公式 造句

注意动词的形式
注意不同介词的搭配
注意同一类名词、动词、形容词的区分
    同型之意不同,同意之用不同
视觉化的总结:图表、结构图
重视语言之间的比较

注意动词的形式
注意不同介词的搭配
注意同一类名词、动词、形容词的区分
    同型之意不同,同意之用不同
视觉化的总结:图表、结构图
重视语言之间的比较

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:47  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

情态动词


Modal auxiliary verbs

Certainty, probability, possibility
Certainty: shall, shan’t, will, won’t, must, can’t, couldn’t, would, wouldn’t
Probability: should, shouldn’t, ought to, oughtn’t to, may(not)
Weak probability: might, might not, could
Theoretical or habitual possibility: Can
Conditional certainty or possibility: would, wouldn’t could, couldn’t, might, mightn’t

MUST
1 Obligation
过去时 had to
否定式 don’t need to, needn’t or don’t have to 不必要没有义务
             mustn’t  不许做某事

2 Deduction
Must 用在肯定句中.
can and can’t 在疑问句和否定句中
Must have done 用于对过去的猜测
Can/can’t have done 用于对过去的否定的猜测

-We went to Spain.
That must have been nice and shiny.

I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.

  
NEED
当作为情态动词时,表马上就必须的事情。
immediate necessity. (多用在否定句)
      当作普通动词时,用于表达习惯性的必须。
habitual, “general” necessity.

    We needn’t book a table. –the restaurant won’t be
full this evening.
    Need I do this washing-up? –I’m in a hurry.
    Do you need to get a visa if you go to Mexico?

Needn’t is used to say that there is no obligation.
Mustn’t expresses an obligation not to do something.

You needn’t tell Jennifer.  –She already knows.
You mustn’t tell Jennifer.  -I don’t want her to know.
5. needn’t have done something, 他做了某事,却没必要做,他浪费了时间。
She needn’t have hurried.
(It wasn’t necessary to hurry, but she did.)
She didn’t need to hurry.
(It wasn’t necessary to hurry. We don’t know whether she did.)
I didn’t need to go to the station.
(It was unnecessary to go. –I don’t say whether I went or not, but I probably didn’t.)     p.66.21

6. need + ving with a passive meaning
7 There’s no need to do sth.

can
Future & Past tense: be able to
Meaning:
  ability               can VS. could
  possibility        can, could, may, might
  permission       can, could (informal)
                           may, might (formal)
May & might (permission)
   might- tentative or hesitant
May & might (possibility)
   might suggests a smaller probability.
Should & ought to
   should: subjective opinion
   ought to: objective force
                  (laws, regulations, duties)
  

  

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:46  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

名词性从句

名词性从句

各种连接词的用法


名词性that-从句 :由从属连词that引导的从句。
That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。

             “That 只连接,非句子成分,不表意。”

名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。

主语:p.13,24
   That he is still alive is sheer luck. 
   他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:p.1,4
    Jack said that he loves Rose. 
   PS:
   以that引导的从句做单宾语的动词有很多:
   think, maintain, argue, agree, figure,
   show, reveal, observe, imply, note,  ask, feel, find, imagine, know, learn, notice, tell, understand, wish,

表语:P7.16  p2.16  p5.18
   The fact is that he is often late.
  同位语:
   The record revealed the fact that he is often late.
   There are signs that Korean TV plays are becoming popular in China.

与同位语从句同位的名词是一些具有抽象意义的名词. P5.25  p8.26 p.13.26
   answer, belief, conclusion, decision, discovery, fact, hint, hope, idea, information, impression, news, report, opinion, order, possibility, problem, promise, question, sign, statement, trust

that 引导的从句做双宾语中的直接宾语
   ex.
  We persuaded him that it would be best to wait.
  She assured me that everything would be all right.
  Alex informed the police that some money was missing.

以上双宾语的常见动词有:advise, assure, bet, convince, inform instruct, notify, persuade, phone, promise, remind, show, signal, teach ,tell ,warn

that 引导的从句做复合宾语中的实际宾语。
               在这种句型中,先行词 it 做形式宾语,做宾补的可以是名词、形容词、不定式、过去分词、介词短语等。
    Ex: 
         I thought it a false idea that old age brings wisdom.
         He has made it clear that he won’t marry her.
         I feel it right that he is my Mr. Right.

用于上述句型的有:p.7.9  p.7.18  p.3.20  p.12.6
    feel, hear, keep, let ,make, prove, think, want

that引导形容词补语从句
   ex :
       I was afraid that I might hurt his feeling.
       I am confident that I can win this game.
跟由that引导补语从句的常见形容词有:afraid, angry, annoyed, astonished, certain, clear, confident, depressed, disappointed, glad, grateful, happy, hopeful, pleased, proud, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, upset

it's.....that

That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。 P.13.23  p8.30
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
   a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
   b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
   c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
   d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句

名词性 WH-从句
由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句
Wh-词包括
    who, whom, whoever, whose, what,
    whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词
    where, when, how, why等连接副词。

Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:

主语:       What makes you different makes you beauiful.
直接宾语:In one‘s own home one can do what one likes.
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 
表语:        My question is who will be the next president. 
宾补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to.
同位语:      The question why you are interested in music
                  has not be answered yet. 
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.
介词宾语: What you see is what you got.
Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,
例如:  It is not yet decided who will do that job.   还没决定谁做这项工作。  It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 
       他们何时结婚依然不明。

yes-no型疑问从句   从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:

主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article  
          before Friday. 
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money
同位语:They are arguing the question whether the man is
               trustworthy. 
形容词宾语: She‘s doubtful whether we are coming.
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass the exam.

选择性疑问从句
   选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
   Please tell me whether / if they are American or Australian.  
   I don't care whether you like the plan or not.

whether 不能被if取代的情况
whether引导主语从句并在句首
引导表语从句 p6.7   p 5.21
whether从句作介词宾语  p.6,6
从句后有"or not“
      I don't care whether you like the plan or not.

宾语补语

在call, make, name等动词后面可以跟由关系代词what 和whatever引导的宾补从句。
   Ex. You can call me whatever you like.
         He made me what I am today.
在find, keep, leave等动词后可以跟由从属连词as引导的宾补从句。
   Ex. Leave the children as they are.

不可省略的连词:
介词后的连词
引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
       That she was chosen made us very happy.
         We heard the news that our team had won. 
   

      
      
  

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:46  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

实用词组

1 turn
turn down将音量关小(从来没有考)
         turn down a proposal 拒绝
turn up  音量开大(也没有考过)
         i waited for him for half an hour. but he didn't turn up.
turn out 结果是,证明
         it turn out to be true.
         生产
         it factory has turned out 1000 cars this year.
turn over 移交转交(没有方向性)       PS take over接管 hand over交出去(hongkong handover)
         ps: UK hand over China take over  其他国家take over
turn to 求助于
turn in 上交
turn on/off 永远补考
9 56


2 make
make out  1 =understand 2= hard to recognize 3开支票
make for  朝什么方向走去 make for my office
make off  off 离开: set off, cut off "cut your face"
          匆匆地离开某地,逃走
make up   1 组成构成+数字、百分比 be made up of
          2 补考、缓考
make it   succedd
make up for 补偿
make over  不常考

21 66

3.take
take after 在相貌、性格方面与父母相象
take apart 将大型机器分解拆开
take back  收回=withdraw  ex: i'll take back what i said.
take down  =write/put/set down
           将大型物件等分解
take effect 生效
take effective steps/measures 采取有效措施
take sth for granted
take in   1 understand 2 absorb 3 cheat
take off  离开 飞机起飞
take on   1 承担责任等
          2 =employ   laid off workers
          3 呈现 beijing will take on a new look in 2008.
take out 抽出、取出拿出
take part in =participate in  p48.48
take place 不常考=happen /occur
take the place of = replace A with B
take turns to do sth
take up   占据时间,开始从事某活动
6.54

4 hand
hand down 把……传下来
hand out=distribute 分发分给  p4.70

5.call
call for 要求 需求
call in  约请 叫进来
call off = cancel
call on  =visit/号召、呼吁call on sb to do sth.
call out 1 大声叫喊 2向某人挑战
call up  1 动员着急 2打电话 3使人想起
26 24

6.go
go off      离开,爆炸,断电
go after    追捕(不可延续),如果要延续就是be。。。fbi has been after Ben Latin for a long time.
            追求
go along with 支持赞同
              陪同某人前往
go (a)round   四处走走,消息传开
go back on    背道而驰
go by         时间流失;遵守遵循
go for        去拿什么东西;袭击;适用于
go into       1 investigate
              2 谈及、谈论
go out        (主动)熄灭 baby when the light goes out
              若是被动熄灭是put out
go over       复习;仔细检查
go through    遭受,经历(苦难)
              审查
              through    1 from beginning to the end
                         2 病人等度过危险期,困难期
                         p.78.60
go up         上升上涨
go with       陪……一起行事
              与……协调一致
13.61

7.break
break through    取得突破性进展,突围、突破
break away from  与某人脱离关系
break down       (机器坏)出故障;汽车抛锚;谈判破裂了;人身体垮了
break into       破门而入
break off        中止、中断
break out        火灾、战争、疾病的突然爆发  SARS broke out. Bird Flu broke out.
break up         打碎、粉碎;关系的结束
break the silence, break the ice, break the record
13.59

8 give
give away  赠送;泄漏秘密(复旦的学长)
give in    让步、屈服
give back  归还
give off   指烟、热、光的散发、释放
give up    = abandon
give out   =hand out
2.56

9.come&bring
come about/bring about       发生/使发生
come aroung/bring around     苏醒复员/使塑性
come off/bring off           脱落分开、结果表现/使实现、使成功
come out/bring out           出来、结果是、表现/使之出来
come over/bring over         (从远处)过来、改变立场/使转变
come across    =run into/happen to meet
come after     跟踪而来
come at        袭击
come to        总计 
come up        出现
come up with   提出想法
come up against 突然遇到困难、反对
come into view/sight  映入眼帘

bring back 带回来,归还,使记忆
bring down 降低,打倒
bring forth 产生引起结果
bring forward 提议
bring up   抚养养育=rear
39 55

   

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:46  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

-ing VS -ed

-ing Form :动名词 现在分词

1 作为句子成分:
  可以做主语、表语、宾语
  Being a princess isn’t all it’s cracked up to be.
  I hate writing letters.
  One of John’s bad habits is biting his nails.
   可以做定语
  Failure is a learning experience.失败是一种学习历。
   
2. 动词+ving:
  某些动词后跟动名词:
   avoid, face, consider, delay, enjoy, escape,
   excuse, fell like, finish, forgive, give up,
   can’t help, imagine, involve, miss, mention,
   mind,  postpone, risk, can’t stand,
   suggest, understand
补充:某些动词后的动名词,表被动意义。
   如need, require, want
    Your hair needs cutting.
    Your printer needs mending.
     = It needs to be mended.
     He wants to hit you.
     He wants hitting.

3. Prep + ving:
    You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs.

    to 做介词的情况:
    looking forward to      object to
    prefer doing to doing  be used to
    假如不确定to是否为介词,就用一个名词放在to后面,如果成立,to就是介词
4. 其他情况
    1) 在as, like, than, any/some/no good,
     any good/some/no use后面也用ving
     Is it any good trying to explain why we are late to
Prof. Brown?
    2) 在worth后: be worth + ving
     It isn’t worth repairing the car.
     She is not worth getting angry with.

-ing 与-ed 分词
类似形容词,都可以做表语、定语。
     The result of the experiment is encouraging.
     The result of the meeting is disappointing.
     The class is boring. I am bored.

这样的形容词还有: amazing, annoying,
shocking, astonishing,  charming, embarrassing,
exciting//   amazed, embarrassed, excited,
exhausted, frightened, limited, puzzled…..
    


  

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:45  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

libary

Periodical section
Fiction section
Non-fiction section
Dictionary
Encyclopedia
Biography
Autobiography
atlas

Reading room
Reference desk
Circulation desk
Checkout desk
Online catalog
Computerized catalog
Library card

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:45  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

face and hair style

Freckle
Scar
Wrinkle
Dimple
Mole
Mustache
Beard
Sideburns

Braids
Bun
Bangs
Cornrows
Bold
Ponytail
Straight / curly
Shoulder length hair

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:44  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

food and beverage

cucumber   黄瓜
eggplant     茄子
bean           菜豆
pepper        胡椒
carrot          胡萝卜
melon         香瓜,甜瓜
Green Chinese onion   葱
mushroom  蘑菇
pea             豌豆
Wheat
Rice
Corn    (pop corn)
Maize

Bread
Rice
Noodle

Watermelon
Coconut
Pineapple
Plum
Grapefruit
Peanut

Strawberry
Banana
Walnut
Grape
Cherry
Date

Fry: KFC
Stew: stew meat; stew himself in an illness
Bake: bake a cake; bakery
Boiling: boil some water
Grill: He was grilled until he confessed.
Steam: steamed bread
Barbeque :BBQ
Chicken
Fish: 
   Fish and Chips
Beef
Pork
Mutton

Steak
Bacon
Ham
Sausage   香肠
Turkey

Icecream

in Italy
Types: vanilla, chocolate,
                 strawberry, and Neapolitan
Icecream Van

french fries = chips (thicker)
are potatoes that have been cut and deep-fried
fish and chips : Belgian dish
French fries 
French toast

Junk food is relatively cheap to make, is easy  to consume, and has a lot of flavor because of its typically high fat, sodium, or sugar content.

Beverage
mineral water
orange juice
lemon juice 
Tea
Coffee= café
Coca-Cola
Pepsi
beer 
white wine
red wine
champagne
cocktail 
brandy 
vodka  伏特加
whisky  威士忌
martini  马提尼酒


- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:44  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

diversity and 40 verbs

Shoulder = burden
Coat = cover
skyrocketing= increase fast
Mirror= show
Summer= have summer vacation
Tower= among the best
Storm= quickly go out

GOOD

Amazing
Awesome
Brilliant
Creative
Fabulous
Impressive
Splendid
Terrific
Perfect
Outstanding
Striking
gorgeous

胖:  big, heavy, obesity, baby fat
瘦: slim and  slender
健康: strong as an ox
             fit as a fiddle
             get into shape
            stay into shape
身段: cola bottle/ cola can


BUSY
           
Busy as a bee
Hectic
Tight schedule
   light schedule
   heavy schedule
Up to one’s neck
   up to one’s nose
   up to one’s ears
   up to one’s eyebrows
Be tie up in sth.
Be swamped with sth

TIRED
I’m exhausted.
I’m dog tired.
I’m burned out.
I run out of steam.
Out of energy
Out of shape
Eyes are starting to blur
Hardly concentrate
Hardly stay awake
I’m bushed.

40个活跃动词
Break     drop
bring      fit
call         get
catch      have
carry       go
Check     keep
Come     lay
cut          leave
draw       let
Do          look
Make       stay
Meet        stick
Play         take
Pull          throw
Push        turn
Put           work
Run          fix
See          give
Set           fall
Stand       beat


- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:43  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

clothes

clothes

bow tie
shirt
suit
international standard business attire
pantsuit

jewery:
earring
ring
necklac
bracelet


jeans:
Loose
Straight
Boot cut
Baggy ,saggy
Bell bottom
Slim fit

Boots
Gloves
Hood, hoody
Jeans
Window Shopping
cami = camisole

T-shirt
Slipper
V-neck
Round neck
Sleeve

Common clothing materials include:
Cloth :   Cotton, khaki, nylon
Down (软毛)    Leather,fur

Less common clothing materials include:
Bark   Paper   Rubber 

Reinforcing materials such as wood, bone, plastic and metal may be used to stiffen garments such as
bodices,(妇女紧身衣) or swimsuits.

Head, arm, hand, neck, leg, foot
Ankle, elbow, knee, wrist
Shoulder, chest, breast

Head, forehead, eye, ear, nose, mouth,
tongue, teeth, face, cheek, chin
Neck, throat, Adam’s apple


- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:43  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

bank

Taking deposits from the general public and issuing checking and savings accounts
Making loans to individuals and businesses


Cashing cheques
Facilitating money transactions such as wire transfers and cashiers checks
Issuing credit cards, ATM, and debit cards


Storing valuables
    particularly in a safe deposit box

Retail banking, dealing direct with individuals and small businesses
Investment banking, relating to activities on the financial markets.
Most banks are profit-making, private enterprises.
Central banks are non-commercial bodies or government agencies often charged with controlling interest rates and money supply across the whole economy.

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月18日, 星期五 20:42  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

Hey All!

Yesterday I 've finished 3 class, A.B and E. Everything is exciting: new town, new students and awsome school.

Thank you all for your support during these 12 days.

And have a nice summer!

I'll upload the PPT material in Aug. 20. Talk to you later and have fun!

Yours McDoll

- 作者: antonia929 2006年08月10日, 星期四 13:42  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

JOKE: clever dog

Three handsome male dogs are walking down the street when they see a beautiful, enticing, female Poodle.

The three male dogs fall all over themselves in an effort to be the one to reach her first, but end up arriving in front of her at the same time. The males are speechless before her beauty, slobbering on themselves and hoping for just a glance from her in return.

Aware of her charms and her obvious effect on the three suitors, she decides to be kind and tells them The first one who can use the words liver and cheese together in an imaginative, intelligent sentence can go out with me.

The sturdy, muscular black Lab speaks up quickly and says I love liver and cheese. Oh, how childish, said the Poodle. That shows no imagination or intelligence whatsoever. She turned to the tall, shiny Golden Retriever and said How well can you do? Ummmm...I HATE liver and cheese, blurts the Golden Retriever. My, my, said the Poodle. I guess its hopeless. Thats just as dumb as the Labs sentence.

She then turns to the last of the three dogs and says, How about you, little guy? The last of the three, tiny in stature but big in fame and finesse, is the Taco Bell chihuahua. He gives her a smile, a sly wink, turns to the Golden Retriever and the Lab and says...

Liver alone. Cheese mine.

- 作者: antonia929 2006年02月15日, 星期三 23:11  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

JOKE: birds' legs

Joe, a college student, was taking a course in ornithology, the study of birds. The night before the biggest test of the semester, Joe spent all night studying.

He had the textbook nearly memorized. He knew his class notes backward and forward. Joe was ready.

The morning of the test, Joe entered the auditorium and took a seat in the front row. On the table in the front was a row of ten stuffed birds. Each bird had a sack covering its body, and only the legs were showing.

When class started, the professor announced that the students were to identify each bird by looking at its legs and give its common name, species, habitat, mating habits, etc.

Joe looked at each of the birds' legs. They all looked the same to him. He started to get angry. He had stayed up all night studying for this test and now he had to identify birds by their LEGS? The more he thought about the situation, the angrier he got.

Finally he reached his boiling point. He stood up, marched up to the professor's desk, crumpled up his exam paper and threw it on the desk. "What a ridiculous test!" he told the prof. "How could anyone tell the difference between these birds by looking at their legs? This exam is the biggest rip-off I've ever seen!"

With that, Joe turned and stormed toward the exit. The professor was a bit shocked, and it took him a moment to regain his composure.

Then, just as Joe was about to walk out the door, the prof shouted out, "Wait a minute, young man, what's your name?"

Joe turned around, pulled up his pant legs and hollered, "You tell me, prof! You tell me!"

- 作者: antonia929 2006年02月15日, 星期三 23:10  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采

hainan destroyer

after the Hainan trip, I got another nick name, which is Destroyer....... Dave said that I am kinda woman like a warrior......... but anyway, perhaps due to what impressed him while we met each other in the NOS building and had meeting. Actually, I am not that kinda serious....

After Feb 13, good bye Hainan and hello Beijing. I lived in Cheryl's apartment for 2 nights. And today she went to Tianjin to have a short day trip around my city. It seemed that she had great fun. It's my pleasure that she's having fun.

I have pasted some of my notes on the blog, but without the detail. Please don't complain. I have to say that students have to make note for themselves instead of for teacher. What I pasted here is just a reminder.

About the MOVIE:

1 mean girl: a good movie about the teenagers' life in America. Actually that's a genre movie specific in teenagers.

2 Dr. Dolittle: there're lots of animals there.

3 White Chick: super funny.

About the MUSIC:

1 Bon Jovi: It's my life...... the life is mine, I'm holding it.

2 When: Shania Twin...... see my previous lyrics collection

3 pop music lecture:

Micheal Jackson Madonna Spice Girls Britney Spears N'SYNC Backstreet Boy

- 作者: antonia929 2006年02月15日, 星期三 23:06  回复(1) |  引用(1) 加入博采

对于外来词的处理方法

1 音译:
     如:酷 (cool)
     迪斯科 (disco)
     托福 (TOEFL)
     披头士 (Beatles)
     黑客 (hacker)
     克隆 (clone) 
2.半音半意:
    如:呼拉圈 (hula-hoop)
    因特网 (internet)
    唐宁街 (Downing street)
    文化休克 (culture shock)
    水上芭蕾 (water ballet)      奶昔 (milk shake)
3.音译附加汉语语素:
   如:
   嘉年华会 (carnival)
   高尔夫球 (golf)
   桑拿浴 (sauna+浴)
   打的 (打+taxi)
   小巴 (小+bus)
   中巴 (中+bus)
4、音意兼顾:
   如:香波(shampoo)
   销品茂 (shopping mall)
   奔驰 (Benz)
   蹦极跳 Bongee-jumping
    
5.借译:例如:超人 超市  热线  冷战
   千年虫 (millennium bug)、绿卡

6.英文字母附加汉字:CT检查、BP机、T恤衫、IC卡、SOS儿童村

7.英文字母缩写形式或单词:

CD、VCD、DVD、DOS、TV、MTV、PC、CD-ROM、DNA、GRE、Windows98、cute

- 作者: antonia929 2006年02月15日, 星期三 22:48  回复(0) |  引用(1) 加入博采